In response to the assessment by the Copernicus Climate Change Service, the UN warned that until humanity weaned off fossil fuels, the planet would only push deeper into uncharted territory.

Copernicus observations go back to 1940 but other evidence — such as ice cores, tree rings and coral skeletons — allow scientists to place today’s climate against a much longer historical context.

“Humans haven’t seen temperatures as hot as today for, arguably, at least the last 100,000 years,” Samantha Burgess from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, which oversees Copernicus, told AFP.

Global average air temperatures in August were 16.96 °C, Copernicus said — surpassing by 0.01 °C the previous all-time monthly record set in July 2023. Copernicus said it considered the two months joint-highest given the narrow difference.

Image: Graphic - Absolute monthly mean of global surface air temperature - August 2026 was the warmest month ever recorded globally
Global-average surface air temperature (°C) for 2023 (orange), 2024 (yellow), and 2026 (dark red). All other years between 1940 and 2025 are shown with grey lines. Data source: ERA5. Credit: C3S/ECMWF

Scientists say that human activity — primarily the burning of coal, oil and gas — has warmed the planet by roughly 1.4 °C since pre-industrial times and increased the severity and likelihood of extreme weather.

Yet heat-trapping greenhouse gas emissions rose to new highs in 2025.

“The evidence is irrefutable: this is the spiralling price of humanity’s fossil fuel addiction, and the global climate crisis it is fuelling,” United Nations climate chief Simon Stiell said of the Copernicus report.

Read also: World’s fossil fuel emissions to hit new record in 2025: study

More ahead

Global sea surface temperatures also set a new daily high and tied equal-hottest for August, extending a three-month streak of record-breaking warmth across the world’s oceans.

More than 90 percent of excess heat trapped by greenhouse gas emissions has been absorbed by the oceans, sparing land from warming but at severe cost to marine life, reefs and coastal communities.

Records tumbled in overheated basins like the Atlantic and Mediterranean and also the tropical Pacific, where the strongest El NiƱo weather pattern in the modern era is fast accumulating strength.

Image: Anomalies and extremes in sea surface temperature for August 2026
Sea surface temperature anomalies and extremes in August 2026. Colours indicate where temperatures fall within the 1991–2020 distribution. The ā€œcoolestā€ and ā€œwarmestā€ categories reflect August rankings across 1979–2026. Calculations cover ice-free ocean areas only, while sea ice and ice shelves present in August 2026 are shown in light grey. The outlined box marks the NiƱo 3.4 region used for monitoring El NiƱo conditions. Data: ERA5. Credit: C3S/ECMWF

These events are marked by unusually warm Pacific waters but raise the odds of wild weather thousands of miles away, from floods in Peru to droughts in Africa and wildfires in Australia.

The warmer phase of a natural climate cycle, El NiƱo episodes usually deliver a temporary spike in global temperatures already elevated by long-term background warming.

Scientists expect records to keep falling in the months ahead as this “super” El NiƱo approaches peak intensity around December and for 2027 — and maybe even 2026 — to become the hottest years ever observed.

“Climate change makes every El NiƱo hotter, and until we stop burning coal, oil, and gas these record-shattering months will simply keep on coming,” said Friederike Otto, a climate scientist from ImperialĀ College London.

Sizzling summer

Copernicus also said that August “marked the end of western Europe’s warmest summer” that surpassed the long-standing record set in 2003.

The June to August season was defined by severe, back-to-back heatwaves that shut schools, dried up rivers and primed the land for devastating wildfires.

Between mid-July and mid-August, the continent’s EuroMomo monitoring platform estimated that Europe saw more than 32,000 excess deaths.

Scientists from the World Weather Attribution network concluded that a particularly strong heatwave in June would have been “virtually impossible” without the influence of climate change.

But extraordinary heat was felt around the globe.

On Wednesday, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration said the contiguous United States has endured its hottest summer on record.

Image: Map of the U.S. notable weather and climate events in August 2026
Map of the U.S. notable weather and climate events in August 2026. Credit: NOAA

And regions home to around 900 million people lived through the hottest July ever observed, according to AFP analysis of Copernicus data.

“We’ve had an exceptional summer — not only in Europe, but other parts of the world where records that have existed for close to a century have fallen,” said Burgess, an ocean scientist and strategic lead for at ECMWF.

The climate would “continue to get more extreme unless we turn off the tap to global emissions”, she added.

Article Source:
Press Release/Material by Nick Perry and Ali Bekhtaoui | Agence France-Presse
Featured image credit: Filippos Sdralias | Unsplash

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